In an exclusive From the Crow’s Nest podcast interview, Erik Bamford, Branch Chief for Electromagnetic Warfare in the Norwegian Armed Forces and an AOC Board Member, shared groundbreaking developments in Norway’s approach to electromagnetic spectrum operations (EMSO). These advancements set a precedent for NATO and allied nations, highlighting the importance of proactive policy changes in the rapidly evolving world of electronic warfare (EW).
“The experiences and the input that we added to changing the legislation have been heard and approved.” – Erik Bamford
A New Era for Electromagnetic Warfare in Norway
On Jan. 1, Norway implemented a new telecommunications law that significantly enhances its ability to conduct live EW exercises and counter illicit spectrum activity. This development stems from Norway’s increasing need to combat unauthorized drone activity and growing Russian spectrum aggression. The new legislation empowers the Royal Norwegian Air Force to provide EW effects in support of counterterrorism, hybrid operations and the suppression of illegal activities within Norwegian territory.
“We’ve made some massive leaps forward… the experiences and input we’ve contributed have been heard and approved.” – Erik Bamford
This change comes as a direct response to operational lessons learned from large-scale events, such as the 2017 UCI Road World Championship in Bergen, NATO’s Trident Juncture Exercise in 2018, and the ongoing Russian-Ukraine conflict.
Setting a Precedent for NATO and Allied Forces
Norway’s progressive approach to spectrum management places it at the forefront of NATO’s efforts to modernize electromagnetic operations. Its legislative framework not only facilitates more robust EW exercises but also fosters interoperability among Nordic and NATO allies.
“We are looking at moving towards a Nordic electromagnetic operations concept for operations on the Nordic Peninsula, specifically addressing legislative issues on spectrum rights.” – Erik Bamford
These policy advancements position Norway as a leader in addressing the archaic nature of spectrum management across NATO, emphasizing the urgent need for all allies to reassess their regulatory frameworks to better accommodate modern EMSO requirements.
NATO’s Strategic Shifts and the Role of the US
Bamford also underscored NATO’s ongoing transformation in EW doctrine, particularly with the reintegration of the Joint EW Core Staff (Jukes) into NATO command structures. The move aligns with broader efforts to ensure NATO maintains a strategic advantage in spectrum warfare.
“The need for EW training is increasing constantly, especially as we transition from 4th gen to 5th gen airpower.” – Erik Bamford
From a European perspective, Bamford noted that while the U.S. leads many of these initiatives, there are ongoing challenges regarding interoperability due to national policies restricting data sharing.
“Right now, what’s blocking interoperability isn’t NATO policy—it’s national policy.” – Erik Bamford
For the U.S. to effectively support its allies, greater efforts must be made to facilitate multinational EW collaboration, particularly by streamlining the integration of NATO and U.S. EW capabilities.
Addressing GPS Spoofing and Russian Spectrum Aggression
One of the most pressing concerns facing Norway is the increasing instances of GPS spoofing and jamming emanating from Russian territory. These attacks disrupt civilian and military operations, posing significant security risks.
“We need to declare that trans-border spectral aggression like jamming is an attack on sovereign territory.” – Erik Bamford
Bamford emphasized that while NATO recognizes cyberattacks as potential triggers for Article 5 collective defense, similar provisions must be established for spectrum-related aggressions. This shift in policy would reinforce deterrence and enhance NATO’s ability to respond effectively to adversarial EW tactics.
Looking Ahead: AOC Rome and the Future of EMSO
As NATO and the global defense community prepare for AOC Rome in May 2025, EMSO will remain at the forefront of discussions. With Norway leading by example, the event is expected to further shape the trajectory of NATO’s EW strategy and training initiatives.
“AOC Europe’s importance is growing each year—this year, we received over 100 paper submissions, showcasing the increasing interest in EW.” – Erik Bamford
The evolving role of electromagnetic operations in modern warfare underscores the need for ongoing policy and operational enhancements. Norway’s legislative progress serves as a model for allied nations seeking to navigate the complexities of spectrum management in a contested environment.
Final Thoughts
The From the Crow’s Nest podcast continues to be a vital platform for industry leaders to discuss the evolving challenges and innovations in EW. As Bamford concluded:
“The world is growing more dangerous. Don’t spend your energy chasing allies when you should be chasing threats.”
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